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Guide to Combating Corruption & Fraud in Infrastructure Development Projects
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Detection
Complaints
General initial interview questions
How to Generate Complaints and Reports
List of fraud reporting sites for Multilateral Development Banks
Red Flags
Red Flags Listed by Project Cycle
“Visible red flags” of Implementation Fraud
Proactive Fraud Detection Tests
Due Diligence
“Top Five” Due Diligence Background Checks
Free and Subscription Internet Sites
Local and On-Site Due Diligence Checks
Due Diligence Service Providers
Proof
Proving Common Schemes
Corruption Schemes
Bid Rigging Schemes
Collusive Bidding Schemes
Fraud Schemes
The Basic Steps of a Complex Fraud and Corruption Investigation
Elements of Proof for Sanctionable Offenses
Elements of Proof of Corrupt Practices
Elements of Proof of Obstructive Practices
Elements of Proof of Coercive Practices
Elements of Proof of Collusive Practices
Elements of Proof of Fraudulent Practices
Evidence
The Basics of Evidence for Investigators
Prevention
Anti-fraud Resources
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Proof
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The Elements of Proof for Sanctionable Offenses
The Elements of Proof for Sanctionable Offenses
The Basics of Evidence for Fraud and Corruption Investigators
The Basics of Evidence for Fraud and Corruption Investigators
Elements of Proof of Obstructive Practices
Elements of Proof of Coercive Practices
Elements of Proof of Collusive Practices
Elements of Proof of Fraudulent Practices
Elements of Proof of Corrupt Practices
Elements of Proof for Sanctionable Offenses