- The World Bank Group
- African Development Bank
- Asian Development Bank
- Inter-American Development Bank
- European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
- European Investment Bank
DETECTION
HOW TO RESPOND TO A COMPLAINT
– Questions to ask a complainant
– How to generate complaints and reports
– List of MDB fraud reporting sites
RED FLAGS OF CORRUPTION, BID RIGGING AND OTHER SCHEMES
– Red flags listed by project cycle
– The “visible red flags” of implementation fraud
– “Proactive,” computer-aided tests for red flags
DUE DILIGENCE BACKGROUND CHECKS
– “Top Five” due diligence checks
– Free and subscription internet sites
– Local, on-site due diligence checks
– Due diligence service providers
PROOF
THE MOST COMMON SCHEMES AND STEPS OF PROOF
– Corruption schemes
– Bid rigging schemes
– Collusive bidding by contractors
– Fraud schemes
– The basic investigative steps in a complex case
THE ELEMENTS OF PROOF FOR SANCTIONABLE OFFENSES
– Corrupt practices
– Fraudulent practices
– Collusive practices
– Coercive practices
– Obstructive practices
– The basics of evidence for investigators
PREVENTION
Research and mitigate the risk of corruption and fraud
Info on corruption and fraud in aid projects