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Guide to Combating Corruption & Fraud in Infrastructure Development Projects

  • Detection
    • Complaints
      • General initial interview questions
      • How to Generate Complaints and Reports
      • List of fraud reporting sites for Multilateral Development Banks
    • Red Flags
      • Red Flags Listed by Project Cycle
      • “Visible red flags” of Implementation Fraud
      • Proactive Fraud Detection Tests
    • Due Diligence
      • “Top Five” Due Diligence Background Checks
      • Free and Subscription Internet Sites
      • Local and On-Site Due Diligence Checks
      • Due Diligence Service Providers
  • Proof
    • Proving Common Schemes
      • Corruption Schemes
      • Bid Rigging Schemes
      • Collusive Bidding Schemes
      • Fraud Schemes
      • The Basic Steps of a Complex Fraud and Corruption Investigation
    • Elements of Proof for Sanctionable Offenses
      • Elements of Proof of Corrupt Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Obstructive Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Coercive Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Collusive Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Fraudulent Practices
  • Evidence
    • The Basics of Evidence for Investigators
  • Prevention
    • Anti-fraud Resources
Home » Proof » Case Examples » Case Example of Product Substitution

Case Example of Product Substitution

Equipment Supply Contracts

A detailed review of several donor-financed health sector projects revealed numerous instances of the substitution of substandard medical equipment and materials used in the construction of hospitals, including the inoperable medical equipment illustrated in the photos below.

Previous similar reviews and investigations revealed that such schemes were often implemented through bribes of relatively small gifts and favors paid by the suppliers to local inspectors to induce them to accept the substandard equipment.  In the most egregious cases of fraud, the suppliers often were empty “shell companies” set up by Project Officials for the sole purpose of obtaining the supply contracts and profiting from the substandard goods.

 

Category: Case Examples

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