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Guide to Combating Corruption & Fraud in Infrastructure Development Projects

  • Detection
    • Complaints
      • General initial interview questions
      • How to Generate Complaints and Reports
      • List of fraud reporting sites for Multilateral Development Banks
    • Red Flags
      • Red Flags Listed by Project Cycle
      • “Visible red flags” of Implementation Fraud
      • Proactive Fraud Detection Tests
    • Due Diligence
      • “Top Five” Due Diligence Background Checks
      • Free and Subscription Internet Sites
      • Local and On-Site Due Diligence Checks
      • Due Diligence Service Providers
  • Proof
    • Proving Common Schemes
      • Corruption Schemes
      • Bid Rigging Schemes
      • Collusive Bidding Schemes
      • Fraud Schemes
      • The Basic Steps of a Complex Fraud and Corruption Investigation
    • Elements of Proof for Sanctionable Offenses
      • Elements of Proof of Corrupt Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Obstructive Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Coercive Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Collusive Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Fraudulent Practices
  • Evidence
    • The Basics of Evidence for Investigators
  • Prevention
    • Anti-fraud Resources
Home » Proof » Steps of Proof » Step Five: Check for Predication and Get Organized

Step Five: Check for Predication and Get Organized

Review the allegations and information collected thus far to determine if there is adequate “predication” to proceed.

Predication means having a factual basis – reasonable grounds,  or, as commonly expressed, “probable cause” – to conduct an investigation.  It usually develops in stages: an anonymous tip, for example, might be enough predication to discreetly check internal records, which can provide predication for still further inquiries, and so on.

An investigator should not investigate beyond the available predication, as the investigation will be appear to be without foundation and punitive.  Investigating beyond the available predication is unlikely to be productive anyway.

If law enforcement assistance is to be required (e.g., to subpoena documents, execute search warrants or request international legal assistance), take steps to ensure that there is sufficient probable cause to obtain such assistance.

At this stage, continue to refine your “Case Theory,” remind yourself of the relevant elements of proof and regularly review and update your chronology and other summary documents.  Remember, the goal in any complex investigation is to follow the leads  (rather than merely collecting more and more information) and to simplify the case by focusing on the important, relevant transactions and eliminating the unimportant, irrelevant ones.

 

Category: Steps of Proof

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