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Guide to Combating Corruption & Fraud in Infrastructure Development Projects

  • Detection
    • Complaints
      • General initial interview questions
      • How to Generate Complaints and Reports
      • List of fraud reporting sites for Multilateral Development Banks
    • Red Flags
      • Red Flags Listed by Project Cycle
      • “Visible red flags” of Implementation Fraud
      • Proactive Fraud Detection Tests
    • Due Diligence
      • “Top Five” Due Diligence Background Checks
      • Free and Subscription Internet Sites
      • Local and On-Site Due Diligence Checks
      • Due Diligence Service Providers
  • Proof
    • Proving Common Schemes
      • Corruption Schemes
      • Bid Rigging Schemes
      • Collusive Bidding Schemes
      • Fraud Schemes
      • The Basic Steps of a Complex Fraud and Corruption Investigation
    • Elements of Proof for Sanctionable Offenses
      • Elements of Proof of Corrupt Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Obstructive Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Coercive Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Collusive Practices
      • Elements of Proof of Fraudulent Practices
  • Evidence
    • The Basics of Evidence for Investigators
  • Prevention
    • Anti-fraud Resources
Home » Proof

Proof

The Basic Steps of a Complex Fraud and Corruption Investigation

Gifts Travel and Entertainment (GTE) to Corruptly Influence

How to Interview a Cooperative Witness

The Very Basic Basics of Money Laundering

How to Prove Illicit Payments in Cash

How to Prove Illicit Payments from the Point of Receipt

How to Prove Illicit Payments from the Point of Payment

The Basics of Evidence for Fraud and Corruption Investigators

Bid Rigging Schemes

Collusive Bidding Schemes

Corruption Schemes

Fraud Schemes

Financial Investigation of the Subject

Case Examples of Bribes and Kickbacks

Secrecy Jurisdictions

Case Examples of Collusive Bidding by Contractors

Case Example of Unbalanced Bidding

Case Examples of Hidden Interests

Case Example of Unjustified Sole Source Awards

Case Example of Split Purchases

Case Example of Rigged Specifications

Case Example of Product Substitution

Case Example of Manipulation of Bids

Case Example of Leaking Bid Information

Case Example of Fictitious Contractor

Case Example of False Statements and Claims

Case Example of False, Inflated and Duplicate Invoices

Case Example of Failure to Meet Contract Specifications

Case Example of Excluding Qualified Bidders

Case Example of Change Order Abuse

Potential Scheme: Bribes and Kickbacks

Potential Scheme: Leaking of Bid Information

Step One: Begin The Case

Step Two: Evaluate the Allegations or Indicators

Step Three: Due Diligence Background Checks

Step Four: Complete the Internal Investigation

Step Five: Check for Predication and Get Organized

Step Six: Begin the External Investigation

Step Seven: Prove Illicit Payments

Step Eight: Obtain the Cooperation of an Inside Witness

Step Nine: Interview the Primary Subject

Step Ten: Prepare the Final Report

Potential Scheme: False Statements and Claims

Potential Scheme: Fictitious Contractor (Phantom Vendor)

Potential Scheme: False, Inflated and Duplicate Invoices

Potential Scheme: Change Order Abuse

Potential Scheme: Failure to Meet Contract Specifications

Potential Scheme: Product Substitution

Potential Scheme: Split Purchases

Potential Schemes: Hidden Interests (Conflicts of Interest)

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